vitex negundo

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Taxonomical ID : 361442

Vernacular Names

1. Assamese : Mahaneem. Maha-neem 2. Bengali : Neem 3. English : Indian Lilac, Margosa, Margosa tree, Neem,Neem tree 4. Gujarati : Limba 5. Hindi : Neem 6. Irula : Veeppa, maram 7. Kannada : Bevu/ Kirubevu, Turakabevu 8. Malayalam : Ariyaveppu, Ayurveppu, Kaippanveppu , Nimbam, Vembu, Veppu 9. Marathi : Nimbay 10. Tamil : Sengumaru, Vembu, Veppa, Veppai 11. Telugu : Vepa Source : FRLHT’s ENVIS
Botanical Description

Azadirachta indica is a tropical evergreen of the MELIACEAE family that grows up to 25 m high. It has rough dark brown bark with wide longitudinal fissures separated by flat ridges. The leaves are compound, imparipinnate, each comprising 5-15 leaflets that are arranged in alternate pairs with terminal leaflets. The compound leaves are themselves alternating with one another. The thin, lanceolate leaflets measure about 6 cm long and 2 cm broad. It bears many flowered panicles, mostly in the leaf-axils. The sepals are ovate and about 1 cm long with sweet scented white oblanceolate petals. It produces yellow drupes that are ellipsoid and glabrous, 12-20 cm long. Source : Medicinal plants of the world: chemical constituents, traditional and modem medicinal uses by Ivan Ross (Volume 2 )
Conservation Status

Least concern source : IUCN
Medicinal uses

Hot water extract of the bark is taken orally by the adult female as a tonic and emmenagogue. The hot water extract of the dried fixed oil is taken orally as an emmenagogue. Anthraquinone fraction of the dried flower, fruit and leaf is taken orally for leprosy. Hot water extract of the flower and leaf is taken orally as an antihistorical remedy, and is used externally to treat wounds. The dried flowers are taken orally for diabetes. Hot water extract of the dried fruit is used for piles and externally for skin diseases and ulcers. Hot water extract of the entire plant is taken orally as an anthelmintic, an insecticide and a purgative. Juices of the bark of Andrographis paniculate, Azadirachta indica and Tinospora cordifolia are taken orally as a treatment for filariasis. Hot water extract of the bark is taken with water, orally before breakfast, for leprosy. The extract is also taken for fever and diabetes, and as a tonic, refrigerant, anthelmintic and antiperiodic. The fresh fruit is used externally for leprosy. Fruit, leaf and root, ground and mixed with dried ginger and "trifala", a preparation consisting of the powdered fruit of Terminalia bellerica (Gaertn.) Roxb., T. Chebula Retz, and Emblica officinalis Gaertn., is taken orally with lukewarm water to treat common fevers. Leaf juice is administered by intravenous infusion for chronic skin diseases, and is taken orally as an anthelmintic. Source : Medicinal Plants of the World

Title	Phytochemical Name	Phytochemical ID	Synonyms	Part
1	casticin	CID_5315263	Vitexicarpin	Leaves
2	Artemetin	CID_5320351	Artemisetin Artemitin Erianthin	Leaves
3	terpinen-4-ol	CID_11230	4-Carvomenthenol	Leaves
4	α-terpineol	CID_348276216	N.A	Leaves
5	sabenine	N.A	N.A	Leaves
6	spathulenol	CID_92231	Spatulenol	Leaves
7	β- farnesene	CID_348316717	N.A	Leaves
8	Farnesol	CID_445070	Trans-Farnesol	Leaves
9	α-pinene	CID_258567152	N.A	Leaves
10	β-pinene	CID_348291608	N.A	Leaves
11	linalool	CID_6549	Linalol LINALYL ALCOHOL	Leaves
12	Terpinyl acetate	CID_111037	ALPHA-TERPINYL ACETATE	Leaves
13	caryophyllene epoxide	CID_14350	Caryophylene oxide	Leaves
14	caryophyllenol	CID_61125	Caryolan-1-ol	Leaves
15	viridiflorol	CID_11996452	d-Viridiflorol	Leaves
16	β-caryophyllene	CID_134971569	N.A	Leaves
17	β-elemene	CID_9859094	beta.-Elemen	Leaves
18	camphene	CID_6616	Comphene	Leaves
19	α-elemene	CID_80048	N.A	Leaves
20	β-eudesmol	CID_91714393	N.A	Leaves
21	Camphor	CID_2537	2-Camphanone	Leaves
22	1,8- cineole	CID_523035	Dehydrocineole Dehydro-1,8-cineol	Leaves
23	α-phellendrene	N.A		Leaves
24	β-phellendrene	N.A		Leaves
25	α- guaiene	CID_107152	Alpha-Guajene	Leaves
26	abieta-7,13-diene	CID_443470	Abietadiene	Leaves
27	neral	CID_643779	cis-Citral Citral b	Leaves
28	geranial	CID_638011	Citral	Leaves
29	Bornyl acetate	CID_6448	Isobornyl acetate	Leaves
30	Nerolidol	CID_5284507	Trans-Nerolidol	Leaves
31	β-sitosterol	CID_222284	Sitosterol Cupreol Azuprostat	Seed
32	vitedoin A	CID_21574226	N.A	Seed
33	vitedoamine A	CID_11348702	N.A	Seed
34	vitedoin B	CID_11771639	N.A	Seed
35	Epifriedelinol	CID_119242	Epifriedelinol Epi-Friedelanol Friedelan-3beta-ol	Seed
36	Borazine	CID_138768	Borazole	Seed
37	Heptasiloxane	CID_22556165	N.A	Seed
38	Vitexoside	N.A		Roots
39	negundin A	CID_10043572	N.A	Roots
40	negundin B	CID_10473569	N.A	Roots
41	vitrofolal E	CID_10947295	N.A	Roots
42	vitexin	CID_5280441	Apigenin 8-C-glucoside	Roots
43	isovitexin	CID_162350	Saponaretin Homovitexin	Roots
44	acetyl oleanolic acid	CID_151202	3-O-Acetyloleanolic acid	Roots
45	Ethyl-hexadecenoate	CID_54435484	2-Hexadecenoic acid	Essential oil
46	α-selinene	CID_10123	a-Eudesmene 7-epi-alpha-Selinene	Essential oil
47	germacren-4-ol	CID_6429375	Germacrene-4-ol	Essential oil
48	p-cymene	CID_7463	4-Isopropyltoluene p-Isopropyltoluene Dolcymene	Essential oil
49	valencene	CID_9855795	Valencen	Essential oil
50	Globulol	CID_12304985	N. A	Essential oil

The IC50 values of VN leaves and bark methanol and hexane extracts were found as 70.93, 38.47, 50.61 and 46.66 µg/mL, respectively. When compared with the IC50 value of the standard, ascorbic acid (24.40 µg/mL), these extracts revealed remarkable antioxidant effects.

Source : vikrant arya, 2011

Phytochemicals 3D structures

Source for phytochemicals : Duke's and pubchem

AMMPDB VER.1.1

VITEX NEGUNDO

Common name : Nirgundi

Source : vikrant arya, 2011